Search results for "zɨwɨɗ ʸ"

dzɨwɨɗ ʸ nf/m fly mouche (17 groups, 44 languages) A
This well-attested root is found in all groups except for the Tera group. There is support for the palatalisation prosody across the reconstructions of the forms of the group proto-languages. In many cases there is the common change *ɗ to /j/ under palatalization. In Proto-Bata *ɗ has been reduced to *ʔ, and in Proto-Kotoko North it has fused with *dz to form the ejective *tsʼ. Both of these are common sporadic changes. The *dz is variously realised as /d/, /z/, /ts/. The changes in Proto-Margi, Proto-Musgum and Proto-Kotoko Centre are regular, but the rest are unestablished. The *w has been lost in Proto-Bata, Proto-Margi and Proto-Gidar, which is a common sporadic change.

1Proto-Bata *dzɨʔɨ ʸ fly mouche 1.1) Bata (Boyd) dʒitto fly 1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) dʒì ʼ í́lá cow fly. 1.3) Jimi (Djibi) dʒiʼin Mouche 1.4) Sharwa (Gravina) dʒiʼi mouche

2Proto-Daba *dzɨwɨɗ ʸ fly mouche 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) dʒedʒəweɗ fly (n) mouche 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) dʒiwiɗ fly (n) mouche 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) dʒidʒiwəɗ fly (n) mouche 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) tʃèdī la mouche

3Proto-Mafa *dzɨwaj fly mouche 3.1) Mafa (Barreteau) dzúwáj mouche

4Proto-Sukur *dzɨwɨɗ ʸ fly mouche 4.1) Sukur (David) dʒuwi fly mouche 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) dʒui fly;- general term for flies.

5Proto-Hurza *dzɨwaj fly mouche 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) dzuwaj fly mouche 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) dzùwàj fly mouche

6Proto-Margi tsɨɗɨ ʸ fly mouche 6.1) Margi (Hoffman) tʃiɗi fly mouche 6.2) Kilba (Schuh) tʃəɗi fly (n) mouche 6.3) Bura (Blench) tʃiri General name for the fly and bee group of insects mouche

7Proto-Mandara *ⁿdzɨwɨɗ ʸ fly mouche 7.1) Matal (Branger) zwaj, zəwaj, zuwaj fly mouche 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ⁿdʒəwe,-ə mouche 7.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) ⁿdʒáŋʷá mouche (f), espèce (sens figuré) 7.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ⁿdʒəŋʷa fly mouche 7.5) Glavda (Owens) nğu fly mouche 7.5.1) Glavda (Nghagyiva) nd͡ʒùja fly (n) mouche

8Proto-Mofu *dzɨwaj fly mouche 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) zùwàj fly mouche 8.2) Muyang (Smith) ezʉwi house fly; fly mouche 8.2.1) Muyang (Smith) ezʉwi dummy opponent in a game adversaire imaginaire dans un jeu de société 8.3) Moloko (Friesen) dʒəwaj fly mouche 8.3.1) Moloko (Friesen) dʒəwaj 8.4) Zulgo (Haller) dzìwe mouche f. 8.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) dzuwe fly (n) mouche 8.6) Merey (Gravina) dzuwaj fly (n) mouche 8.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) dʒuwaj fly (n) mouche 8.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) dzùwáj mouche 8.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ́dʒadʒəwaj mouche (nom gén.)

9Proto-Maroua *dzɨdzɨwɨɗ ʸ fly mouche 9.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) dʒidʒiwiɗ(i) mouche 9.1.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) dʒidʒiwiɗ(i) abeille 9.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) dʒidʒiweɗ fly (n) mouche

10Proto-Lamang *ziwɗi fly mouche 10.1) Lamang (Wolff) ziɗi fly 10.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ziɗikʷ fly la mouche

11Proto-Higi *zʲɨwiɗ fly mouche 11.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ʒiwi fly (insect); housefly mouche 11.2) Kirya (Blench) ʒéw housefly mouche 11.3) Bana (Lienhard) ʒíɓ(i) mouche

12Proto-Kotoko Island *hadzu fly mouche 12.1) Buduma (McKone) hâdʒu mouche.

13Proto-Kotoko North *tsʼɨwi fly mouche 13.1) Afade (Allison) tsɨwi fly (n) mouche 13.2) Maltam (Allison) sʼiwi fly (n) mouche

14Proto-Kotoko Centre *zɨwiɗ fly mouche 14.1) Lagwan (Allison) zu fly (n) mouche 14.2) Mser (Allison) msʼɨwi fly (n) mouche

15Proto-Kotoko South *dzadzwi fly mouche 15.1) Zina (Odden) dʒàdʒwì fly (n) mouche

16Proto-Musgum *dɨwaj fly mouche 16.1) Vulum (Tourneux) aduwaj mouche 16.2) Mbara (Tourneux) tuwaj fly (insect) mouche

17Proto-Gidar *zɨkɗa ʸ fly mouche 17.1) Gidar (Hungerford) zikɗe mouche 17.2) Gidar (Schuh) zikɗe/e mouche
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zɨwɨɗ ʸ n. string corde (12 groups, 30 languages) A
The basic meaning of this root is string or rope made from the bark of a sapling or another natural substance. There were regular changes *z→s in Proto-Margi and in the North Kotoko-Musgum major group (here, the Kotoko North group). The same change took place in Proto-Kotoko Centre but this was irregular here. The *ɗ has been lost in several languages, or been realised as /j/ due to palatalisation. In other languages it has merged with *w, forming *ʔʷ in Proto-Bata, Proto-Lamang and Proto-Higi, and /ɓ/ in Sukur. These are all common sporadic processes.

1Proto-Bata *zaʔʷɨ string fil 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) zàʼwá -ə rope 1.2) Sharwa (Gravina) zəʼə Corde

2Proto-Tera *zoo string fil 2.1) Tera (Newman) zo rope 2.2) Nyimatli (Harley) zoo rope 2.2.1) Nyimatli (Harley) zoo string (n)

3Proto-Sukur *zɨɓɨ ʸ string corde 3.1) Sukur (David) ʒiɓi string 3.2) Sukur (Thomas) ʒiɓi rope: very srong thick string made by twisting thinnerstrings together.

4Proto-Hurza *zawaj string fil 4.1) Mbuko (Gravina) zawaj thread from a tree, used for repairing calabashes fil (m) d'un arbre, pour réparer des calebasses 4.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ázə̀wáj rope ; string ?? simple fil en coton ou encore avec quelques plantes.

5Proto-Margi *sɨwiɗ string fil 5.1) Bura (Blench) suwa Rope 5.1.1) Bura (Blench) sua Rope 5.2) Kilba (Schuh) siʼi rope

6Proto-Mandara *zawaɗ string fil 6.1) Mandara (Fluckiger) zawa corde (f) 6.2) Malgwa (Löhr) zawa rope 6.3) Glavda (Nghagyiva) zàwa rope 6.3.1) Glavda (Owens) zaw rope 6.4) Dghwede (Frick) zapʼa rope

7Proto-Mofu *zɨwaɗ ʸ string fil 7.1) Moloko (Friesen) ezeweɗ rope corde 7.2) Merey (Gravina) zuweɗ string (n) ficelle 7.2.1) Merey (Gravina) zuweɗ wire fil, ligne de pêche 7.3) Dugwor (Jubumna) azewed rope; wire; string (n) corde; fil; ficelle 7.4) Mofu North (Barreteau) zə́wèɗ corde en fibre végétale machée, ficelle 7.5) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ́zewéɗ fil en fibre végétale mâchée, ficelle

8Proto-Maroua *zɨwɨɗ ʸ string fil 8.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) azeweɗ rope corde 8.1.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) azeweɗ string (n) ficelle 8.2) Mbazla (Tourneux) ʒiwiŋ corde 8.2.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) ̌zwíwiŋ rope corde

9Proto-Lamang *zɨʔʷi string fil 9.1) Lamang (Wolff) zə̀wì rope 9.2) Hdi (Bramlett) zuʼi thread le fil

10Proto-Higi *ziʔʷɨ string fil 10.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) zəwə rope 10.1.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) zə̀wə́ Rope 10.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ziwə thread 10.2.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ziwe rope 10.3) Kirya (Blench) zə́w rope 10.4) Psikye (Angelo) zəwə́ rope 10.5) Bana (Lienhard) zə̀ʼwə̀ corde

11Proto-Kotoko North *sɨre string fil 11.1) Mpade (Allison) sàrè thread (n) fil 11.2) Malgbe (Allison) se string (n) ficelle 11.2.1) Malgbe (Allison) jire thread (n) fil

12Proto-Kotoko Centre *saɗɨ string fil 12.1) Mser (Allison) saɗɨ wire fil 12.1.1) Mser (Allison) saɗe string (n) ficelle 12.1.2) Mser (Allison) saɗɨ thread (n) fil
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